De Soto Acquires an Interpreter

After adding additional troops in Cuba, De Soto’s army had now increased to one thousand men. Sending out detachments to capture Indians, from whom he expected to learn something about the lay of the land, the expedition found the Native Americans to be especially skillful with the bow and arrow. The long bows used were so powerful that De Soto’s men could hardly cock the bows. The Indians, of course, had been practicing with bows and arrows since childhood and were amused that the soldiers couldn’t effectively use them.

In a cavalry area reconnaissance, the soldiers charged upon a small number of Indians. At that moment a voice cried out, “I am a Christian! I am a Christian! Slay me not”. A stout trooper drew back his lance, lifted the unknown man up behind him and pranced off to join his comrades.

Back in camp the rescued Christian told the long and intriguing story of his captivity. In 1528, Panfilo de Narvaez had attempted to overrun this country with a large expedition. While attempting to return to Cuba, a shipwreck occurred and Juan Ortiz survived. However, Ortiz was taken prisoner by the Indians. As a captive he was about to be burned alive, when he was fortunately saved by the beautiful daughter of Uecta, the chief. As a slave of the Indians for twelve years, Ortiz had been initially treated barbarically and compelled to guard a lonely temple in which the dead had been deposited. During the twelve years that he lived with the Indians, Ortiz learned their language and eventually became accepted by them. In the Spanish camp he was most welcomed by De Soto and became a much needed interpreter. Gratified by the appearance of Ortiz, De Soto gave him clothes and arms and placed him on a good charger. With a good interpreter the Adelantado [De Soto] was now ready to penetrate the interior.

De Soto Lands in Florida

The first true discovery of the interior of the United States was
done by the armed expedition [entrada] of Hernando De Soto, a native of
Spain. While as a youth he enlisted with Francisco Puizarro in 1531
and went to Peru with no property but his sword. He won a
distinguished military reputation and a great part of Inca gold before
returning to his homeland. He was made governor of Cuba as well as all
of United States area which was known as “La Florida”. De Soto resolved
to invest his new found vast wealth into an exceptional expedition
designed to conquer a people whom he believed to possess more gold
than he had beheld South America.  Spain had been fighting the invaded
Moors from North Africa for more than 600 years and finally drove them
out of the Iberian Peninsula. The young men of Spain and Portugal had
become skilled and experienced soldiers during that long conflict. After
Pizarro’s success in South America the best of Spanish and Portuguese
soldiers were anxious to join De Soto’s expedition to the United
States. In April of 1538 he put out to sea with 600 chosen men. After
arriving in Cuba he consumes a year in arranging the affairs of his
government in preparation for the great expedition before him. At the
end of that period, he left his wife, Dona Isabel de Bobadilla and the
Cuban Lieutenant Governor in charge of the Island and sailed on May 12,
1539, for Charlotte Harbor on the West Coast of what is now Florida
with a fleet of nine large and small ships. On June 1, 1539, after
off-loading the vessels, the expedition cleared trees and brush around
the village of Ucita for pasturing the horses as well as for safety
from attacks.  On June 3, with all the men quartered in Ucita, De Soto
took formal possession of all of North America for Spain.

Colbert County, Alabama Dig

Amateur Archaeologist Charles E.Moore working at the Leighton County dig

On April 26, 2012, Dr. Michael Gramly of Andover, Massachusetts led a team of ten visiting archaeologists along with seven local members of the Alabama Archaeological Society on a dig in Colbert County, Alabama. The team excavated twenty-two meter squares near Pleistocene sink holes near Leighton. Most of the squares were along a fence row so the soil had been undisturbed for thousands of years. The objective of the dig was to further establish evidence that the Cumberland phase predated Clovis in the Southeast. A great number of microliths were found as well as a Clovis preform and several fluted fragments from last year’s excavations from the same site. These artifacts are being tested with infrared laser spectrocity to establish dates of the artifacts. So far this work has indicated dates for Cumberland are from about 16,500 years BP [before present] to about 12,500 years BP. These dates overlap Clovis dates which show a range of 12,900 to about 10,500 years BP. The highlight of the work was a hamburger picnic hosted by the local archaeological society followed by a lecture by Dr. Gramly on the excavation work done to date at this location. Charles E. Moore, city Archaeologist for Florence, Alabama was presented the Achievement Award of the American Society of Amateur Archaeology. Only six other people have been chosen for this award. Dr. Gramly stated that Mr. Moore was chosen for this award for being instrumental in opening doors for the society’s work in northern Alabama as well as for his continuous support of many archaeological activities in the area over most of his lifetime.

 

Dr. Michael Gramly presenting the Achievement Award of the American Society of Amateur Archaeology to Charles E. Moore